Expert Care for Endometrial Cancer

Endometrial cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the endometrium, the inner lining of the uterus. It is one of the most common cancers affecting the female reproductive system, most often diagnosed in women after menopause, though it can occur in younger women as well. At AIROC Hospitals, our gynecologic oncology team combines advanced diagnostics with personalized treatment planning to help women achieve the best possible outcomes.

Endometrial cancer often develops gradually and, in many cases, causes noticeable symptoms early on — most notably abnormal vaginal bleeding — which allows for detection at an earlier, more treatable stage compared to many other cancers.

Types of Endometrial Cancer

Endometrial cancer is broadly classified based on how the cancer cells appear under the microscope and how they are likely to behave:

• Endometrioid Carcinoma – The most common type, arising from gland cells and often linked to excess estrogen exposure.
• Serous Carcinoma – A less common but more aggressive type that tends to grow and spread more quickly.
• Clear Cell Carcinoma – A rarer subtype that also tends to be more aggressive.
• Carcinosarcoma – A rare and aggressive form containing both cancerous gland and connective tissue cells.
• Uterine Sarcoma – Technically a separate category arising from the muscular wall of the uterus rather than the lining, but often discussed alongside endometrial cancers.

Identifying the precise type and grade of endometrial cancer is essential for determining the most effective treatment approach, and our specialists at AIROC Hospitals ensure a thorough pathological evaluation for every patient.

 

Symptoms and Causes

Common Symptoms of Endometrial Cancer

Endometrial cancer often produces early warning signs, which makes awareness particularly important:

• Abnormal vaginal bleeding, including bleeding after menopause or between periods
• Unusually heavy or prolonged menstrual periods
• Watery or blood-tinged vaginal discharge
• Pelvic pain or pressure
• Pain during intercourse
• Unintended weight loss (in more advanced cases)

Any postmenopausal bleeding should be evaluated promptly by a specialist, as it is the most common and earliest warning sign of endometrial cancer.

Causes and Risk Factors

Endometrial cancer is often linked to an imbalance of hormones, particularly excess estrogen relative to progesterone. Known risk factors include:

• Hormonal Imbalance: Conditions that increase estrogen exposure without enough progesterone to balance it, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
• Obesity: Excess body fat can increase estrogen levels, raising the risk significantly.
• Age: Risk increases with age, particularly after menopause.
• Menstrual and Reproductive History: Starting periods early, entering menopause late, or never having been pregnant can increase risk.
• Diabetes and Hypertension: Both are associated with a higher likelihood of developing endometrial cancer.
• Family History and Genetic Conditions: A family history of endometrial or colorectal cancer, or inherited conditions such as Lynch syndrome, can increase risk.
• Certain Hormone Therapies: Estrogen-only hormone replacement therapy (without progesterone) and long-term tamoxifen use are associated with increased risk.

Understanding individual risk factors helps our specialists recommend appropriate screening and preventive strategies.

 

Diagnosis and Treatment

How Endometrial Cancer Is Diagnosed

At AIROC Hospitals, we follow a systematic diagnostic approach to confirm endometrial cancer and determine its stage:

• Pelvic Examination: An initial assessment to check for abnormalities in the uterus, ovaries, and surrounding organs.
• Transvaginal Ultrasound: Used to examine the thickness and appearance of the endometrium.
• Endometrial Biopsy: A small tissue sample is taken from the uterine lining and examined for cancer cells.
• Hysteroscopy: A thin, lighted scope allows direct visualization of the inside of the uterus, often combined with biopsy.
• Dilation and Curettage (D&C): A procedure to collect a larger tissue sample when biopsy results are inconclusive.
• Imaging Tests: CT, MRI, or PET scans help assess whether the cancer has spread beyond the uterus.

Treatment Options at AIROC Hospitals

Treatment is tailored based on the cancer's type, stage, and the patient's overall health, and may include:

• Surgery: Often the primary treatment, typically involving removal of the uterus (hysterectomy) along with the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and nearby lymph nodes as needed.
• Radiation Therapy: Used after surgery to reduce the risk of recurrence, or as a primary treatment for patients who cannot undergo surgery.
• Chemotherapy: Recommended for more advanced or aggressive types of endometrial cancer to target cancer cells throughout the body.
• Hormone Therapy: May be used for certain hormone-sensitive tumors or in younger patients wishing to preserve fertility.
• Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy: Newer treatment options for advanced or recurrent cases, based on the specific genetic and molecular profile of the tumor.

Our multidisciplinary team at AIROC Hospitals — including gynecologic oncologists, radiation specialists, and pathologists — works together to design a treatment plan focused on the best possible outcome and quality of life.

 

Prevention and Risk Factors

While not all cases of endometrial cancer can be prevented, certain steps can help reduce risk and support early detection:

• Maintaining a Healthy Weight: Since obesity is a significant risk factor, regular exercise and a balanced diet can help lower risk.
• Managing Underlying Conditions: Keeping diabetes, PCOS, and hypertension well-controlled can reduce hormonal imbalances linked to cancer risk.
• Discussing Hormone Therapy Carefully: Women considering hormone replacement therapy should discuss estrogen-progesterone balance with their doctor.
• Using Combined Oral Contraceptives: For some women, combined birth control pills have been shown to lower long-term risk.
• Prompt Evaluation of Abnormal Bleeding: Any unusual vaginal bleeding, especially after menopause, should be reported to a doctor without delay.
• Genetic Counseling: Women with a family history of Lynch syndrome or related cancers may benefit from genetic counseling and increased screening.

At AIROC Hospitals, we encourage women to stay informed about their reproductive health and seek timely consultation for any unusual symptoms, as early detection remains the most effective tool in successfully treating endometrial cancer.

 

This content is intended for informational purposes only and does not substitute professional medical advice. Please consult a specialist at AIROC Hospitals for personalized diagnosis and treatment recommendations.